Lipid Profile: How to Read the Report
A lipid profile comes back with four or five numbers that rarely explain themselves. Here is what each one means, the ranges, and how to prepare.
A lipid profile measures the fats in your blood. The report carries four or five numbers, and each says something different.
What the report contains
| Value | What it is | Range commonly used |
|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol | The overall figure | Below 200 mg/dL |
| LDL | The portion linked to arterial deposits | Below 100 mg/dL |
| HDL | The portion that carries excess back | Men 40+, women 50+ |
| Triglycerides | Another blood fat | Below 150 mg/dL |
| Non-HDL / VLDL | Derived by calculation | As your doctor advises |
Laboratories differ slightly, so read the range printed on your own report.
Preparation
- A 9 to 12 hour fast is usually requested — water is fine
- Avoid a heavy or very oily meal the night before
- Avoid alcohol for a day or two — it pushes triglycerides up
- If you take regular medication, ask your doctor before the test
In some situations doctors accept a non-fasting sample. Follow the instruction you were given.
How the report is actually read
The commonest mistake is looking only at total cholesterol. The real picture comes from LDL, HDL and triglycerides together. More importantly, all of it is read alongside your age, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking and family history — which is why the same LDL can mean different things for two people.
When to start, and how often
Generally from around 35-40, and earlier with a family history of heart disease, diabetes or high blood pressure. How often to repeat it depends on the report and your risk, and your doctor decides.
Frequently asked questions
Is fasting required?+
A 9-12 hour fast is usually requested, particularly for triglycerides. Some situations allow a non-fasting sample — follow the laboratory’s instruction.
Should one poor report worry me?+
One report is not the whole picture. Illness, a recent feast or alcohol all move the numbers. Doctors repeat it when needed.
How can HDL be raised?+
Regular activity, stopping smoking and losing weight are the things seen to affect it.
If the report improves, can I stop the medication?+
No. The report is usually improved because of it. Stopping is a doctor’s decision.